Two crews from Aylesbury, one from High Wycombe and one from Waddesdon, along with a command unit and two officers, attended a fire at a flat.
Firefighters used two sets of breathing apparatus and a hose reel jet to extinguish the fire.
A thermal imaging camera was used to check for remaining hot spots, and a positive pressure ventilation fan was used to clear smoke from the building.
The flat was severely damaged by fire and smoke, and six neighbouring flats were affected by smoke.
Two residents were treated for smoke inhalation and were passed into the care of South Central Ambulance Service.
Firefighters also liaised with the housing association to support residents affected by the incident.